Environmental influences cont maternal factors drug intake alcohol fetal alcohol syndrome fas 5 in born in the us retarded growth facial and bodily malformations disorders of the central nervous system short attention span, learning disabilities, memory problems slow reaction time. The nature and nurture of child development theodore d. Prenatal risk factors for developmental delay mental. Some of these dangers, such as environmental risks from teratogens and drug use, can be prevented or minimized. Maternal dietary intake, prepregnancy weight and height, length of gestation, and size of fetus. Nichd eunice kennedy shriver national institute of child health and human development. She takes all possible steps needed for the growth of her baby. While there are some things which may be out of your control, there are still ways to improve your childs growth and development. These factors influence a child both in positive ways that can enhance their development and in. Maternal and infant nutrition may modulate the immunologic development of the fetus and young infant and permanently alter immunologic and regulatory mechanisms, which may affect the risk for later disease palmer, 2011. Some population groups face considerable inability to access services related to. Discuss influences nature nurture child development essay. However, the prevalence of postpartum depression is approximately %. Environmental influences cont maternal factors drug intake alcohol fetal alcohol syndrome fas 5 in born in the us retarded growth facial and bodily malformations disorders of the central nervous system.
Maternal antenatal under nutrition mc cause of iugr in developing countries as compared to maternal smoking and alcoholism in developed ones. Nov, 2017 for example, a tradition illustrates the physical impact of heredity at the prenatal stage by mentioning the resemblance of a child with parent. Many diseases are capable of affecting a growing fetus. Prenatal risk factors for developmental delay mental health. Micro nutrients like zinc and vit c has a role in growth. Research has proven that drinking alcohol in any amount during pregnancy is safe. Maternal risk factors, in particular, can have a great impact on a child s development. It is important that the mother takes good care of herself and receives prenatal care, which is medical care during pregnancy that monitors the health of both the mother and the fetus. By analysis of variance the sum of the independent effects of the other family factors greatly outweighed that of occupational social class, except in the case of the iq at 10 years. Prenatal development is the process that occurs during the 40 weeks prior to the birth of a child. Discuss the impacts of teratogens and maternal stress on prenatal development. Read about factors that affect kids overall growth and development.
Jul 17, 2019 nutrition is a critical factor in growth as everything the body needs to build and repair itself comes from the food we eat. Get a printable copy pdf file of the complete article 114k, or click on a page image below to browse page by page. Child growth and development pregnancy and prenatal. This care can begin even before pregnancy with a pre pregnancy care visit to a health care provider. Recent investigations suggest that certain factors play an important role in the development of a child during the prenatal period. Jun, 2017 because children are so vulnerable, they can be easily affected by things many parents and adults take for granted. Child health is determined by a variety of factors such as their genetic make up for example. Explain how the developing embryo and fetus may be harmed by the presence of teratogens and describe what a mother can do to reduce her risk. Early child development needs to be a priority issue in policy and practice.
The relationship between genes and environment nature via nurture 2. On the other hand, family risk factors can also influence the path of early childhood development. There are four main factors affecting a child s development, according to. During each prenatal stage, environmental factors affect the development of the fetus. Early exposure to developmentally protective factors may attenuate the. Maternal depression is considered a risk factor for the socioemotional and cognitive development of children.
Chapter 5prenatal factors affecting development by ryan. Chapter 5prenatal factors affecting development highrisk pregnancy involves an expecting mother who has a condition either before or during pregnancy that increases the likelihood her child will have problems before or after birth. This highlights the importance of mother child interaction in development of children s language proficiency, which is noticeably compromised in the parenting pattern of teenage mothers. How the environment can affect the vulnerable fetus. May also have abnormally small heads and brains, as well as heart, spine, and other anatomical defects. There are very few prenatal factors that can harm a developing person. The developing fetus is completely dependent on the mother for life, and it is important that the mother receives prenatal care, which is medical care during pregnancy that monitors the health of both the mother and the fetus.
Prenatal exposure to a dangerous substance is only harmful in the first trimester of the pregnancy. This article aims to examine the factors affecting prenatal development, significantly, before and during pregnancy with respect to the development of a child s personality at later stages of life. External influences, from the standard of care you give to your child to your socioeconomic standing, can contribute to psychological factors that can affect language development in your child. The environment a child is exposed to both in utero and throughout the rest of his or her life can also impact how genes are expressed. For example, exposure to harmful drugs while in utero can have a dramatic impact on later child development. There are four main factors affecting a childs development, according to. Poverty is one of the most devastating yet stoppable conditions working against the health development of children.
Risk factors in the perinatal period include pregnancy related complications, prematurity and low birth weight, and infection exposure during pregnancy or at time of birth. During each prenatal stage, genetic and environmental factors can affect development. It is worthwhile to keep in mind there are several factors that affect the development of a fetus. The 3 biological factors affecting growth and development in. Psychological factors that affect language development in. The process of fetal development starts from fertilization of the ovum till the delivery of the baby. Children enter school demonstrating various levels of school readiness. Perinatal factors affecting human development, proceedings of. How children grow and develop depend on both internal and external environmental factors, some, we have no control over and most of them we do. Early experiences have profound effects on development and learning. These potentials decide the limit of development of a child, e. On the other hand, overeating can lead to obesity and health problems in the long run, such as diabetes and heart. Adequacy of iron stores should be ensured before pregnancy rather than trying. The defining characteristic of the fetal stage is growth.
The course of this prenatal development is divided into three main periods. Rubella is the most widespread of the viruses that have a teratogenic effect. Wachs the author is affiliated with the department of psychological sciences at purdue university in west lafayette, indiana, usa. The chemical balance of the mothers body and the presence of conditions or potentially toxic substances that can alter development processes. Children affect their environment as well as being affected by it, therefore playing an active part in their own development.
Having multiple parents can add stability to a child s life and therefore encourage healthy development. Most everything the mother ingests, including food, liquid, and even medication, travels through the placenta to. By the end of the third month of pregnancy, the sexual organs are visible. Factors affecting fetal development lady care health. Early child development is influenced by a wide variety of both biological and environmental factors. Life span development i chapter 9 2 test your knowledge. Beginning in the 9th week after conception, the embryo becomes a fetus. Dec 18, 2018 finally, factors called growth factors also cross from the mothers blood into fetal blood. To help professionals assess the factors affecting a child s development, they have been grouped into four areas. This topic aims to provide greater understanding of the potential effects of maternal stress on the mother, the fetus, and the child s development. Individual student abilitiescognitive and metacognitive factors affect the students ability to learn, and more importantly to critically understand how to best understand and process information. Development depends upon the potentials that child gets from his parents.
Factors affecting early childhood development hello motherhood. The effectiveness of early childhood development programs. Conception occurs when an egg from the mother is fertilized by a sperm from the father. Danielsa, lee shumowb adepartment of psychology and child development, california polytechnic state university.
Jul 31, 20 the impact of maternal and infant nutritional status on immune system development and neurodevelopment. Maternal diet and its impact on the fetusduring pregnancy, a woman. The current prevalence of depression in canada averages at 6%, which is similar to the rates in other western countries the femaletomale ratio average is 2. For example, drug abuse, poverty, and an environment of domestic abuse can lead to behavioral issues in children as young as 3, according to the national. In order to have a healthy baby at the end of the term, there are a few factors which have to be. Environmental influences on child development the prenatal environment. Height is a good example of a genetic trait that can be influenced by. Promoting child development through parental training, among other factors, promotes excellent rates of child development. What is the family impact on early childhood development. Factors affecting early childhood growth and development. Full text full text is available as a scanned copy of the original print version. Factors affecting early childhood development hello. In a large, geographically defined population ofchildren anumberoffamily factors in addition to social class, determined bythe fathers occupation, were recorded byhealth visitors and school nurses withroutine responsibility for these children.
Stress and pregnancy prenatal and perinatal generally, stress during pregnancy has been associated with an increased risk for a number of negative outcomes in children. Development and learning result from an interaction of maturation and experience. For example, doctors discovered that when a mother contracts rubella also known as the german measles early in her pregnancy, her child might suffer blindness, heart abnormalities, and brain damage as a result. Poverty is the factor creating most stress within families and undermines healthy child development. Perinatal factors affecting human development, proceedings. A read is counted each time someone views a publication summary such as the title, abstract, and list of authors, clicks on a figure, or views or downloads the fulltext. Children of teenage mothers qualify poorly for expressive language development and language comprehension.
Certain biological factors including genetics, nutrition, and gender can play a particularly important role in the course of early development. Risk factors in the perinatal period include pregnancyrelated complications, prematurity and low birth weight, and infection exposure during pregnancy or at time of birth. Early childhood developmentbasic concepts 1 learning objectives by the end of this session, participants will be able to. Golden days deki pem faculty of nursing and public health, khesar gyalpo university of medical sciences of bhutan a d v a n c e d p r a c ti e s i n n u r s i n g issn. The influence of maternal prenatal and early childhood. Prenatal risk factors include chronic maternal illness, certain maternal infections, toxin exposures and nutritional deficiencies. In either case, early prenatal care can help new mothers and children cope with potential problems with prenatal development. Getting early and regular prenatal care improves the chances of a healthy pregnancy. Malnutrition can cause deficiency diseases that adversely affect the growth and development of children.
In the course of development, the individual human progresses from dependency to increasing autonomy. Since the placenta cannot filter out extremely small disease carriers, such as viruses, children can be born with malaria, measles, chicken pox, mumps, syphilis, or other venereal diseases that have been transmitted from the mother. Infectious diseases that can impact prenatal development. Maternal factors ho mothers own fetal and childhood growth. A foundation for professional knowledge and competencies 3 together with the research in developmental biology and neuroscience, research in developmental, cognitive, and educational psychology has contributed to a greater understanding of the developing child. The most important of the other family factors was the quality of the mothers care of her child during the first 3 years of life.
Maternal nutrition concerns about nutrition during pregnancy fall into basic areas, maternal weight gain and nutrient intake maternal weight gain during pregnancy results from variety of factors. Environmental influences on child development the prenatal. Promoting childrens development good enough parenting 7. Factors affecting prenatal development the elaborate details of life begin with a single cell that develops into a full term fetus within approximately 40 weeks, 280 days or 10 lunar months. It is a continuous process with a predictable sequence, yet has a unique course for every child. Factors influencing early childhood development ecd. More specifically, this paper will define stress and discuss the human bodys biological reaction to stress, then it will outline the possible impact maternal stress may have on both prenatal and postnatal development, as well it will provide suggestions for reducing stress and promoting healthy prenatal development. All areas of development and learning are important. The nutrition that child gets before birth or after birth. Maternal drug abuse is also of major concern and is considered one of the greatest risk factors facing unborn children. Many factors may affect the way children express their social skills or emotional competencies or the rate at which children acquire social skills or emotional competencies.
Finally, factors called growth factors also cross from the mothers blood into fetal blood. This article aims to examine the factors affecting prenatal development, significantly, before and during pregnancy with respect to the development of a childs personality at later stages of life. Because children are so vulnerable, they can be easily affected by things many parents and adults take for granted. Perinatal factors affecting human development, proceedings of the special session held during the eighth meeting of the paho advisory committee on medical research, 10 june 1969. Parents play a large role in a child s activities, socialization, and development.
Jul 31, 2011 factors affecting prenatal development the elaborate details of life begin with a single cell that develops into a full term fetus within approximately 40 weeks, 280 days or 10 lunar months. These themes will need to be kept in mind when assessing the factors affecting each child s development. Describe the meaning and benefits of early childhood development. Factors affecting prenatal development essay 1145 words. The developing fetus is completely dependent on the mother for life. All the major aspects of the growing organism have been formed in the embryonic phase, and now the fetus has approximately six months to go from weighing less than an ounce to weighing an average of 6 to 8 pounds. Child development involves the biological, psychological and emotional changes that occur in human beings between birth and the conclusion of adolescence. Most babies are born healthy and most hazards can be avoided. The central nervous system damage may include mental retardation. How genes influence child development verywell mind.
Language barriers, transportation issues, availability of programs and services. Prenatal development boundless psychology lumen learning. Factors influencing early childhood development ecd a bank of literature exists with respect to factors that influence ecd, outlining significant factors and. Some situations in your child s life could be affecting his ability to speak and understand language. External factors from the environment can affect a childs development such as poverty, diet, family background, family circumstances, personal decision, education and housing.
Danielsa, lee shumowb adepartment of psychology and child development, california polytechnic state university, faculty offices north building, san luis obispo, ca 93407, usa. Since this is a very important phase in the lives of both the parent and child, understanding the underlying biological factors which affect the way they are is very helpful information. Most everything the mother ingests, including food, liquid, and even medication, travels through the placenta to the fetus. Factors that influence child growth and development. Factors that influence children s social and emotional development. Factors affecting prenatal development by joyce gacho on prezi.
Factors that influence childrens social and emotional. Factors that impact prenatal development uk essays. What are the factors that affect physical development of. Prenatal development is a complicated process and may not always go as planned. Prenatal exposure to a dangerous substance is only. In other instances, genetic problems may simply be unavoidable.
88 69 973 1054 527 1448 522 247 423 579 809 1203 240 1202 1072 937 582 349 247 1423 1306 483 1566 237 1051 310 950 1423 29 231 621 556 1356 864 1283 928 1410 1041 873 540 1456 1244